Dance music and club culture Essay Example For Students

Move music and club culture Essay Anyway it was the island of Ibiza where move culture truly started to set up itself, initially a ruined island with a poor economy dependent upon the exchanging of salt; Ibiza in the end got known as the clubbers problem area, by the mid 1960s vacation destination had developed as gay people, Americans, and the British started visiting the delightful island. It is contended by numerous that the club culture originated from the perspectives and conduct of the nonconformists during the 1970s. We will compose a custom paper on Dance music and club culture explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The huge clubs in Ibiza became out of the hippy counter-culture; the club Amnesia was at one time an old working homestead utilized as a setting for bohemian gatherings for radicals and craftsmen. By the 1980s, Ibiza had been marketed so a lot, it held the absolute greatest dance club in the Mediterranean and turned into an extremely famous and engaging occasion goal for youthful British music sweethearts who could leave away and overlook all typicality of life. With the experience of Ibiza, came the experience of medications. Joy headed toward Ibiza in the mid 1980s, after a similar course as universal explorers, gay people and new age culturalists. Rapture gave a world outside the typical where individuals were allowed to feel unconstrained to their regular daily existence and appreciate the music and social fellowship with others around In 1987, Margaret Thatcher was chosen third group and Britain was encountering a general despondency. The Thatcher years had set down convictions of living in a meritocratic culture, and encouraged realist dreams that many would not have the option to satisfy. In any case, at that point, the club scene was fantastically growing; that mid year a huge number of British individuals ran to Ibiza for an all-encompassing get-away in a substitute reality. The club counter culture was contradicting the political estimations of the administration and was battling for collectivity; euphoria gave an outlet to these pioneering motivations, empowering individuals to take care of cooperation instead of perception. The effect of delight is an individual one, yet it united individuals in an unexplainable aggregate cognizance. The late spring of 1988 was renamed the second summer of affection, move culture was currently famously acknowledged and marketed. In the wake of coming back from Ibiza the British clubbers would not like to end the gatherings, medications and sentiments of indulgence, and move culture was reawakened. Be that as it may, the resurrection of this club culture didn't win for long, before it went under examination by the media. The press made a conviction based frenzy over the corrosive house marvel and in August 1988, the sun paper ran an examination on the medication scene in Richard Branstons club paradise. The paper started including a progression of articles on the Evil of happiness peril sedate that is clearing discos and demolishing lives. The country got terrified by this counterculture of youth move and medication taking, and the preservationist government asserted corrosive house was tainting guiltless youth. Maker Brian Whitehouse prohibited all recordings or records including the word corrosive on BBC TV appear, top of the pops, and high road shops, for example, top shop were no longer permitted to sell garments with smiley confronted logos. In spite of the fact that the young people of the way of life were viewed as conflicting with standard political qualities, they didn't bolster struggle and esteemed accord and a meeting up of society reflecting social qualities. Regardless of incredible endeavors to keep corrosive house from continuing, the club culture proceeded and became greater and better into the mid 1990s. The corrosive party scene was most prominent in London, Manchester and Leeds yet before long spread all through the entire of Britain. The police started a broad arrangement of strikes all through the urban communities, in illicit corrosive local gatherings that happened in abandoned stockrooms. In 1990, there was a mass capture in Leeds at distribution center where 800 individuals were captured. Graham Brights 1990 Entertainments act expanded the greatest fine for an un-authorized gathering from I 2000 to I 20,000 and a half year detainment. In spite of the fact that his law was fruitful in at last diminishing the quantity of illicit raves, it was viewed as an immediate traditionalist response to the mass measure of enormous unlawful corrosive house raves of 1989. .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd , .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .postImageUrl , .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd , .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:hover , .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:visited , .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:active { border:0!important; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:active , .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d 9db373368d9dfccd .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ufa6ed0ddb1f0076d9db373368d9dfccd:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Music Summary EssayThe criminal equity bill communicated how emphatically the administration felt about the danger of move culture with its mix of music, medications and crowds of robust individuals. Nonetheless, when the bill was passed, move culture and happiness had entered the standard because of Brights law making the requirement for property authorized premises. The legislature versus move culture title appears to end here. The foundation couldnt rout the way of life thus constrained it into the standard. They couldnt shut down the move, so they authorized it and let it free. Clubs were given later opening licenses to keep up lawful prerequisites and free drinking water was accessible in all clubs as a wellbeing safeguard. Despite the fact that the legislature didnt like what was happening, they couldnt forestall it and hence guaranteed by carrying it into the standard, it was legitimate and more secure. Anyway as per Broughton and Bill by doing this club culture was not, at this point a type of disobedience or a counterculture of the adolescent, since it was lawful, it wasnt as energizing. Despite the fact that club music is still incredibly appreciated by numerous individuals as a well known type of music, the way of life encompassing the music in the mid 90s has kicked the bucket. New types of music, for example, the passage of dark rap, economically known as R+B and adjustments of unique house, out of control house, are getting progressively well known; the curiosity of club music has worn off and being supplanted by these new types of music. Despite the fact that club music has numerous devotees, it hasnt the mass social association and effect upon life that it once had.

Battle of Wake Island in World War II

Clash of Wake Island in World War II The Battle of Wake Island was battled from December 8-23, 1941, during the initial long stretches of World War II (1939-1945). A minor atoll in the focal Pacific Ocean, Wake Island was attached by the United States in 1899. Situated among Midway and Guam, the island was not forever settled until 1935 when Pan American Airways constructed a town and lodging to support their trans-Pacific China Clipper flights. Comprising of three little islets, Wake, Peale, and Wilkes, Wake Island was toward the north of the Japanese-held Marshall Islands and east of Guam. As pressures with Japan rose in the late 1930s, the US Navy started endeavors to strengthen the island. Work on a landing strip and guarded positions started in January 1941. The next month, as a component of Executive Order 8682, the Wake Island Naval Defensive Sea Area was made which constrained oceanic traffic around the island to US military vessels and those affirmed by the Secretary of the Navy. A going with Wake Island Naval Airspace Reservation was likewise settled over the atoll. Furthermore, six 5 weapons, which had recently been mounted on USS Texas (BB-35), and 12 3 enemy of airplane firearms were delivered to Wake Island to support the atolls protections. The Marines Prepare While work advanced, the 400 men of the first Marine Defense Battalion showed up on August 19, drove by Major James P.S. Devereux. On November 28, Commander Winfield S. Cunningham, a maritime pilot, showed up to accept by and large order of the islands army. These powers joined the 1,221 laborers from the Morrison-Knudsen Corporation which were finishing the islands offices and the Pan American staff which included 45 Chamorros (Micronesians from Guam). By early December the landing strip was operational, however not complete. The islands radar hardware stayed at Pearl Harbor and defensive revetments had not been worked to shield airplane from aeronautical assault. Despite the fact that the weapons had been emplaced, just a single chief was accessible for the counter airplane batteries. On December 4, twelve F4F Wildcats from VMF-211 showed up on the island in the wake of being conveyed west by USS Enterprise (CV-6). Directed by Major Paul A. Putnam, the unit was uniquely on Wake Island for four days before the war started. Powers Commanders US Authority Winfield S. CunninghamMajor James P.S. Devereux527 men12 F4F Wildcats Japan Back Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka2,500 men3 light cruisers, 6 destroyers, 2 watch pontoons, 2 vehicles, and 2 transporters (second landing endeavor) The Japanese Attack Begins Because of the islands key area, the Japanese made arrangements to assault and hold onto Wake as a component of their initial moves against the United States. On December 8, as Japanese airplane were assaulting Pearl Harbor (Wake Island is on the opposite side of the International Date Line), 36 Mitsubishi G3M medium aircraft withdrew the Marshall Islands for Wake Island. Made aware of the Pearl Harbor assault at 6:50 AM and lacking radar, Cunningham requested four Wildcats to start watching the skies around the island. Flying in poor perceivability, the pilots neglected to recognize the inbound Japanese planes. Striking the island, the Japanese figured out how to obliterate eight of VMF-211s Wildcats on the ground just as exacted harm on the landing strip and Pam Am offices. Among the setbacks were 23 executed and 11 injured from VMF-211 including a large number of the units mechanics. After the strike, the non-Chamorro Pan American workers were cleared from Wake Island on board the Martin 130 Philippine Clipper which had endure the assault. A Stiff Defense Resigning without any misfortunes, the Japanese airplane restored the following day. This assault focused on Wake Islands foundation and brought about the obliteration of the emergency clinic and Pan Americans aeronautics offices. Assaulting the aircraft, VMF-211s four residual contenders prevailing with regards to bringing down two Japanese planes. As the air fight seethed, Rear Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka left Roi in the Marshall Islands with a little attack armada on December 9. On the tenth, Japanese planes assaulted focuses in Wilkes and exploded a gracefully of explosive which wrecked the ammo for the islands firearms. Showing up off Wake Island on December 11, Kajioka requested his boats forward to land 450 Special Naval Landing Force troops. Under the direction of Devereux, Marine heavy weapons specialists held their shoot until the Japanese were inside scope of Wakes 5 beach front resistance firearms. Starting to shoot, his heavy weapons specialists prevailing with regards to sinking the destroyer Hayate and severely harming Kajiokas lead, the light cruiser Yubari. Under overwhelming fire, Kajioka chose to pull back out of range. Counterattacking, VMF-211s four residual airplane prevailing with regards to sinking the destroyer Kisaragi when a bomb arrived in the boats profundity charge racks. Skipper Henry T. Elrodâ posthumouslyâ received the Medal of Honor as far as it matters for him in the vessels devastation. Calls for Help While the Japanese pulled together, Cunningham and Devereux called for help from Hawaii. Hindered in his endeavors to take the island, Kajioka stayed close by and coordinated extra air strikes against the resistances. Also, he was fortified by extra ships, including the bearers Soryu and Hiryu which were occupied south from the resigning Pearl Harbor assault power. While Kajioka arranged his best course of action, Vice Admiral William S. Pye, the Acting Commander-in-Chief of the US Pacific Fleet, coordinated Rear Admirals Frank J. Fletcherâ and Wilson Brown to take an alleviation power to Wake. Fixated on the transporter USS Saratoga (CV-3) Fletchers power conveyed extra soldiers and airplane for the ambushed army. Moving gradually, the alleviation power was reviewed by Pye on December 22 after he discovered that two Japanese bearers were working in the region. That equivalent day, VMF-211 lost two airplane. On December 23, with the transporter giving air spread, Kajioka again pushed ahead. Following a fundamental siege, the Japanese arrived on the island. In spite of the fact that Patrol Boat No. 32 and Patrol Boat No. 33 were lost in the battling, before breakfast more than 1,000 men had come shorewards. Last Hours Pushed out of the southern arm of the island, American powers mounted a diligent protection in spite of being dwarfed two-to-one. Battling through the morning, Cunningham and Devereux had to give up the island that evening. During their fifteen-day barrier, the army at Wake Island sank four Japanese warships and seriously harmed a fifth. What's more, upwards of 21 Japanese airplane were brought down alongside a sum of around 820 executed and roughly 300 injured. American misfortunes numbered 12 airplane, 119 murdered, and 50 injured. Consequence Of the individuals who gave up, 368 were Marines, 60 US Navy, 5 US Army, and 1,104 regular citizen temporary workers. As the Japanese involved Wake, most of the detainees were shipped from the island, however 98 were kept as constrained workers. While American powers never endeavored to re-catch the island during the war, a submarine barricade was forced which starved the safeguards. On October 5, 1943, airplane from USS Yorktown (CV-10) struck the island. Dreading an up and coming attack, the battalion administrator, Rear Admiral Shigematsu Sakaibara, requested the execution of the rest of the detainees. This was completed on the northern finish of the island on October 7, however one detainee got away and carvedâ 98 US PW 5-10-43â on an enormous stone close to the murdered POWs mass grave. This detainee was consequently re-caught and by and by executed by Sakaibara. The island was re-involved by American powers on September 4, 1945, not long after the wars end. Sakaibara was later sentenced for atrocities for his activities on Wake Island and held tight June 18, 1947.

The First Time I Met a Living Author

The First Time I Met a Living Author It was 6th grade and I was 12 years old. Already, I had decided to become a writer when I grew up. My first novel, written when I was 9, was an 80-page rant about school and snobby girls and anything else I felt like throwing into it. I was very sure of myself back then. Anyway, it was the spring of 1994 and a REAL, LIVE, LIVING, BREATHING WRITER was coming to my school to meet with us and read from her latest book. Her name was Mary Downing Hahn. We were all expected to read at least two of her young adult novels and write a little essay on them. I, you can imagine, was freaking out. A real writer, who had her books published. I just couldnt even, the excitement was so intense. And then, my English teacher announced that one of us would be chosen to introduce Ms. Hahn, and I think my brain nearly exploded. The introducer would get the chance to chat with the writer for a few minutes before the talk and, you know, get some writing pointers. I really dont remember how it all went down, but I must have leapt on my teacher and begged her and pleaded to let me give the introduction. So I wrote a short piece and submitted it, and my teacher gave me the green light. AHHHHHHHHHH. I was probably a terrible pain to live with that week. Recently, I found my little speech in a box of books after my parents moved. I offer it here with all of its mistakes and grammatical faux-pas (dont laugh too hard): Mary Downing Hahn is a very good writer of children and adult type books. I, and many of my friends, think that her books are very detailed, easy to understand, and enjoyable. Out of all the nine books that I read by her, all of them are my favorite. Most of the plots in the books were about adventures with evil witches, growing up and making new friends, and dealing with wars. In the book, The Jellyfish Season, Miss Hahn talks about a girl named Kathleen whos family had to move to her cousins house near the beach because her father lost his job. It was hard for Kathleen and her three little sisters to adjust to the new surroundings in Bay View after living in Baltimore all of their life. The book had a lot of action and fun in it. It also made you feel as if you were the characters in the book and you were living their life. I enjoyed it very much. But another book titled Stepping on the Cracks, had a very different twist. It was about life and growing up during World War II in the 1940s. The book was very emotional and made the reader feel as if they could capture the feelings at the moment when Margarets brother had been killed in war, or when the families all over the world heard that the war was getting worse. I thought that all of Miss Hahns books were creatively written and thought out. Lets all welcome Mary Downing Hahn to our school. I know, right? I especially like the line Out of all the nine books that I read by her, all of them are my favorite. Oy. Well, with shaking hands and squeaky voice, I went to meet with Ms. Hahn before the presentation, armed with a pile of her books. I asked her to sign them for me, and then asked for some advice about becoming a professional writer. She smiled kindly and told me to just keep writing. If I tried hard and kept at it, Id have a good chance at realizing my dream. I gave my little intro and there were some half-hearted claps and then Ms. Hahn read a passage from one of her books. It was a wonderful day for an aspiring young writer. More writers came to our school in the succeeding years, and I met them as well, but meeting Mary Downing Hahn was special. She took me seriously, even though I was a clueless middle-schooler with novel-writing delusions. It was one of the best experiences of my young life. ____________________ Expand your literary horizons with New Books!, a weekly newsletter spotlighting 3-5 exciting new releases, hand-picked by our very own Liberty Hardy. Sign up now!

Effects Of The Rise And Fall Of The Oil Prices - 1123 Words

An article about a current event that discusses a change in the supply or demand of a product. This article covers the effects of the rise and fall of the oil prices in the global markets today. Crude oil is defined as a nonrenewable resource which occurs naturally. It is an unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various forms of petrochemicals hence it plays a very crucial role in any economy. The demand for oil has a number of important facts that we can look at starting from 1980 to 2008 where the world’s demand increased by 40%, from 60m barrels per day to over 85m barrels. This was due to the increase in oil consumption of growing economies which make up approximately 66% of total world demand. The other fact is that the demand for oil is relatively inelastic with respect to price, given that oil has few direct substitutes. Similarly, demand for oil is relatively inelastic with respect to income of growing economies. However, income elasticity of demand in developing economies like China and India is likely to be higher. On the other hand, while looking at the supply and demand curve, a market is in equilibrium when the price of a good or service tends to stay the same. Equilibrium is the price at which the quantity demanded by consumers is equal to the quantity that s supplied by suppliers. When either demand or supply changes in any way,Show MoreRelatedIs Oil A Blessing Or A Curse?1521 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Is oil a blessing or a curse? This report will be focusing on the above question to determine how both the rise and fall in the prices of oil has affected the aggregate demand and aggregate supply of a nation that relies solely on oil for its revenue. The report would clearly shows the Aggregate Demand (AD) Curve in respect to its effects on the oil-exporting nation, United Kingdom. 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Cango Financials - 3220 Words

CanGo Analysis Final Report Lucrative Strategies Consulting Executive Summary This consulting report concerns CanGo’s attempt to establish new business ventures to enhance the vitality of the organization through entering the enormous electronic gaming industry that is rapidly expanding. There is a significant amount of demographics that will embrace the virtual world of On-Line Gaming, since electronic entertainment has been revolutionized through increasing access to interactive online gaming with access to high-speed internet. Thus more, global games industry revenues were at 60.4 billion in 2009 and expected to rise to 70.1 billion in 2015. The value of this proposition is to increase revenues, increase speed, expand†¦show more content†¦Intensity of competition is not going away. The gaming industry continues to have new players. Amazon continues to be the e-tailor leader, and eBay gives consumers a discounted choice. Marketing analysis is needed to understand if there is room for CanGo to grow or is the market saturated. Emerging startup companies with same desire as CanGo are offering consumer choice, expanding product offering, and completive pricing. Marketing Analysis U.S. On-line gaming users have showed a significant increase in the size of its audience during the past year as consumers increasingly opt for cheaper entertainment alternatives. The On-line gaming category attracted 87 million U.S. visitors in May 2009, up 22 percent versus the prior year. Below is a table of On-line gaming sources that shows the change of their total internet audience over a one-year period. |Top Online Gaming Sites | |May 2009 vs. May 2008 | | |Total Unique Visitors (000) | | |May-2008 |May-2009 |% Change |Show MoreRelatedCango Financial1127 Words   |  5 PagesCanGo Financial Analysis Report The success of a business depends on its ability to remain profitable over the long term, while being able to pay all its financial obligations and earning above average returns for its shareholders. This is made possible if the business is able to maximize on available opportunities and very efficiently and effectively use the resources it has to create maximum value for all involved stakeholders. One way the performance of a company can be measured on critical areasRead MoreCango Financial Ananlysis Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial analysis of CanGo CanGo has been growing rapidly ever since its formation. 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Since most of the inventory arrives just in time to be shipped, there is no need to have a place to store it. Keeping their JIT inventory at roughly 80 percent also helps CanGo to serve theirRead MoreCanGo Online Gaming Industry673 Words   |  3 PagesThe largest factor which must be examined in regards to CanGo entering the online gaming industry is the probability of success, which is measured by profit. Upper management must consider many financial factors that will be imperative to the overall success of the company. In order to implement the new sector into the company auspiciously, expenses in relation to human resources, supply and logistics management, marketing, and the procurement and deployment of new and existing technology/methodologies

Medgar Evers Free Essays

Medgar Evers Medgar Evers was a civil rights activist whose life was cut short due to the racism and discriminations towards blacks in his time. Medgar Wiley Evers was born on July 2, 1925, near Decatur, Mississippi. He grew up on a small farm that his father owned along with 5 other siblings. We will write a custom essay sample on Medgar Evers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evers strived to get his diploma by walking 12 miles to and from school every day, until 1943, when Evers was inducted into the army along with his brother Charles Evers. He fought during WWII he was honorably discharged as a sergeant in 1946. He returned home and two years later he started to attend Alcorn College majoring in business administration. He was very active people in college a member of the debate team, the school choir, football team, track team, and was also the president of his junior class. He was listed in the â€Å"Who’s Who in American Colleges. † He received his BA degree a year after he married Myrlie Beasley and they would later have 3 children. They moved after Evers found a job as an insurance salesman in Mound Bayou, Mississippi. He and his brother Charles Evers were apart on the Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL) where he helped organize a boycott of public restrooms that blacks couldn’t use. Medgar tried to enroll into the University of Mississippi Law School in which he was rejected. He filed a law suit against the University as an attempt to defy segregation in the school. The NAACP later chose Evers to be their first field secretary to represent them. Evers attempted to desegregate the University of Mississippi by trying to enroll James Meredith an African American. Meredith was later accepted in the University of Mississippi which lead to a riot on campus leaving two white men dead. Evers also investigated the murder of Emmett Till and supported Clyde Kennard, all of these event lead to more hatred towards him from the whites. He was becoming a target to many white supremacists he came across many problem and altercations and still remained non-violent. On May 28, 1963, a Molotov cocktail was thrown into his house and he was almost run over by a car after he was leaving from the NAACP office. But a day after president JFK’s speech to support civil rights Evers was shot in the back. He was shot by a member of the KKK and also white supremacists named Byron De La Beckwith. Beckwith was tried for Evers murder two times and both trials ended with no verdict so he wasn’t sentenced. But, the third times he was tried he was found guilty and sentenced life in prison in 1994. It took 31 year for Evers murderer to be convicted of a murder due to racism and discrimination. In addition, Evers was later honor when they named a college after him in Brooklyn, New York in 1969. How to cite Medgar Evers, Papers

Multi Brand Outlet free essay sample

It is an every day challenge for a retailer to satisfy the diversified demands of discerning customers. The further challenges are to reel in more customers, assure their loyalty, drive in more footfalls and the ensure the conversion rate. In order to gain more profits, retailers try to lure the customers with in-store signages, advertisements and customer-loyalty programmes. No matter how unique these strategies may be, they do not guarantee a success rate. Thus, to ensure a minimum return on investment, the retailers need to ascertain that the format, product assortment and the location of their store assures profits. Exclusive brand outlet (EBO) does ensure that the store is never out of stock, thanks to the predominant one-brand presence. However, veterans argue that it is the multi-brand outlets (MBOs), which drives more footfalls. In the MBOs, the retailers offer wider range of merchandise but EBOs are in command with better visual merchandising, more control over the brand, customer experience etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Multi Brand Outlet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the response to the open poll question on IndiaRetailing — Exclusive brand stores may allow for greater depth and branding of merchandise, but multi-brand outlets and shop-in-shops are really the revenue drivers for a brand — 91. 67 per cent of the respondents support the statement while the remaining 8. 33 per cent of them negated it. Devangshu Dutta, chief executive, Third Eyesight observes, â€Å"MBOs and shops-in-shop (SIS) can certainly help a brand build its footprint more rapidly and with lower capital than it could

35 Flower Meanings You Must Get Right The Language of Flowers

35 Flower Meanings You Must Get Right The Language of Flowers SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most everyone knows that the rose is associated with love. But did you know that the marigold represents grief, pansies represent thoughtful remembrance, and the sweet pea symbolizes lasting pleasure? There’s an entire language of flowers, in which different blooms carry different meanings. So if you're selecting flowers for a particular occasion, it’s useful to know more about flower meanings and symbolism. Bouquets and blooms are frequently involved in events like graduations, performances, funerals, anniversaries, and perhaps most notably, weddings. What floral choices are the most appropriate or meaningful for what occasions? In this article, we’ll provide a brief introduction to the concept of flower meanings. Then we’ll give a guide to flower symbolism for thirty-five popular flowers. We’ll also discuss their cost, seasonal availability, and what flowers may be most appropriate for a particular event or circumstance. We’ll close out with a handy index so you can find flowers by price, season, birthday month, and anniversary year. Table of Contents The Language of Flowers: An Introduction A Note On Price Flower Meanings A-E Flower Meanings F-K Flower Meanings L-Q Flower Meanings R-Z Index The Language of Flowers: An Introduction The concept of a symbolic flower language has existed since ancient times in various cultures throughout the world. However, the significance of flower meanings peaked in the Western world during the Victorian era. The practice of sending coded bouquets was supposedly inspired by an elaborate Turkish custom that involved members of harems sending secret messages to each other through objects. It’s hard to say exactly how much truth there is to this backstory, but flower language took Victorian England- and the rest of Europe- by storm. The first Western flower dictionary was written by Frenchwoman Charlotte de Latour in 1819 and called â€Å"le language des fleurs.† (That’s â€Å"The Language of Flowers,† for those of you who don’t speak French.) It was a runaway success and spawned countless copycats, translations, new editions, and so on. Flower dictionary authors grabbed the meaning of flowers from myth, legend, other cultures, religion, the emblems of royal houses and lineages, each other, and so on. As you might imagine, this meant that different flower dictionaries could posit very different ideas of what the same flower meant based on whatever source material the author consulted. Thus, the answer to the question â€Å"What do flowers symbolize?† is not as simple as people might imagine. This is because different cultures and sources can have wildly different flower meanings! In this guide, we’ve presented major interpretive discrepancies in the language of flowers where they exist and provided guidance as to how to navigate these discrepancies. Furthermore, the same flowers can have different meanings based on their colors! Some colors are fairly consistent across flowers. For example, most guides have yellow flowers meaning friendship and cheer. Similarly, most sources have purple flowers meaning royalty. We will give guidance to different colors in the entries for given flowers where needed. With our help, you can get a grasp on flowers and what they mean. We’ll equip you to send meaningful, heartfelt bouquets with extra-special significance. A Note on Price Before the Flower Dictionary In this article, I’ve used $ signs to indicate price instead of giving a more specific number. It can be hard to know the exact price of flowers per stem due to availability and variability. Here’s the key: $ = 3 dollars per stem $$ = 3-8 dollars per stem $$$ = 8+ dollars per stem It’s also worth considering that you aren’t just paying for flower rarity, but size. Baby’s breath may be cheap on a per-stem basis, but you’ll need lots of it to fill out a bouquet or arrangement. By contrast, you may only need a few stems of the more expensive hydrangea because the blooms are so profuse. Flower Meanings A-E Note that flowers are called by their common name as opposed to their scientific one. (These are sometimes, but not always, the same.) Alstroemeria Genus: Alstroemeria Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Most colors except true blues About This Flower: Also known as the Peruvian Lily or the lily of the Incas, alstroemeria is native to South America. It’s a popular bouquet flower that can last up to two weeks when cut. Resembling a miniature lily, the alstroemeria comes in a rainbow of colors. While not as toxic as typical lilies (which can be deadly to pets and even people), alstroemeria can make cats and dogs sick, so this flower may not be the best choice for a pet owner! Symbolism: The alstroemeria represents devoted friendship. Furthermore, it represents wealth and prosperity. Appropriate Occasions: A bouquet of these blooms is a great choice to express true friendship or to congratulate someone for a new promotion or job opportunity. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Aster Genus: Aster Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round; fall peak Colors: Pink, white, purple, and blue About This Flower: From the Greek and Latin words for â€Å"star,† this little flower is another popular choice in floral arrangements. Symbolism: Also known as the â€Å"herb of Venus,† this plant has long been thought to have magical and healing powers. Ancient Greek legend says the goddess Astraea looked down on earth from the sky and wept when she saw that there were no stars on earth. Her tears became the Aster flower. This flower represents daintiness, elegance, and small beginnings in the language of flowers. It’s also a love talisman. Appropriate Occasions: Aster is a solid component of a romantic bouquet, or to celebrate any new beginning. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The Aster is the birth month flower for September and the 20th wedding anniversary flower. Baby’s Breath Genus: Gypsophila Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Summer, fall Colors: White, pink (much less common) About This Flower: The summer-blooming baby’s breath is a popular â€Å"filler† flower in bouquets and arrangements. Baby’s breath is a fairly budget-friendly flower and frequently used as an accent flower in rose bouquets. Symbolism: This delicate spray of typically white blooms symbolizes purity and innocence as well as everlasting love. And, of course, it’s a symbol of babies- especially newborns! Appropriate Occasions: It’s a good choice as a component of any romantic bouquet, and a great choice for a flower girl or bridesmaid. Baby’s breath is sometimes sent to new parents. Lastly, it’s frequently used in funeral arrangements, where its symbolic meanings of innocence and everlasting love have particular poignancy. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Bird of Paradise Genus: Strelitzia Cost Range (Per Stem): $$ Colors: Orange and blue combination Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring (tropical climates) About This Flower: The exotic and striking Bird of Paradise is named for the tropical bird that it resembles. This bloom is native to South Africa. As the Bird of Paradise thrives in heat and humidity, they can be somewhat expensive outside of those climes, but are frequently grown as houseplants in hospitable climates. Note that this flower is poisonous to pets. Symbolism: This showy flower signifies the wonderfully unexpected, magnificence, paradise, royalty, and joyfulness. Appropriate Occasions: As an exuberant and opulent flower, it’s a good choice to commemorate a happy occasion with anyone who has bold and unconventional tastes. Birthdays and Anniversaries: This bright flower is traditionally associated with the ninth wedding anniversary. Carnations Species: Dianthus caryophyllus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Most colors except blue About This Flower: The carnation, or dianthus, is an extremely popular and affordable bouquet flower that can last up to three weeks when cut. It’s thought to be native to the Mediterranean region. Symbolism: In general, the carnation is associated with love and marriage. Betrothed couples were often depicted holding a carnation in Renaissance-era paintings. However, carnations can communicate very different messages based on their color. A red carnation has a meaning of intense love and admiration. White carnations signify pure love and innocence. The pink carnation is a symbol of mother’s day. Christian legend holds that the pink carnation sprang from the tears of Mary as she walked to the cross. Additionally, the pink carnation communicates gratitude. Purple carnations symbolize whimsy and capriciousness. In France, they are the traditional flower of condolence after someone has lost a loved one. Not all carnations have positive meanings in the language of flowers. The yellow carnation communicates rejection. (But if you send a bouquet of yellow carnations to a significant other, you might still want to break up with them verbally.) Striped signifies a refusal, especially a refusal of someone’s romantic advances. (But again, you probably still need to communicate with words. It’s not the Victorian era anymore!) Appropriate Occasions: The best occasion for carnations depends a lot on their color. Red carnations are good for a romantic bouquet, especially mixed with white carnations. White carnations are a good choice for weddings. Pink carnations are an excellent mother’s day gift. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The carnation is the birth flower for January and the first wedding anniversary flower. Cherry Blossoms Subgenus: Prunus Cerasus Cost Range (Per Stem): n/a; not generally purchased for bouquets Seasonal Availability: Spring Colors: White and pink About This Flower: The fragile, flowering blooms of the cherry tree don’t often appear in bouquets. They briefly bloom in gorgeous profusion in the early spring, only to fade and fall several weeks later. Symbolism: The brief life of cherry blossoms makes them a symbol of the bittersweet beauty of the impermanent and transient. In China, cherry blossoms are a symbol of a good education and the flower of April. In Japan, cherry blossoms represent wealth and prosperity. They are also the flower of March and the national flower of Japan. Appropriate Occasions: You likely won’t be sending anyone cherry blossoms in a bouquet, but a cherry blossom motif will communicate a meaning that you are aware of a poignant sweetness that may not last. Birthdays and anniversaries: N/A Chrysanthemum Genus: Chrysanthemum Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round; late summer/fall peak Colors: Various About This Flower: The chrysanthemum (or mum) originated in China, and typically blooms in the fall. Symbolism: In China, the chrysanthemum is a symbol of autumn. In many countries the chrysanthemum is a mourning flower and primarily used for funerals. In the United States, however, it symbolizes hope in dark times and optimism and cheer. In Victorian times, white chrysanthemums symbolized truth. A wedding bouquet of white chrysanthemums represented the honest and faithful nature of the bride. Appropriate Occasions: The mum is a good choice to send to those in mourning. Additionally, it can be used for get-well-soon bouquets or sent to anyone who needs a lift. Finally, for a wedding bouquet with traditional significance, consider white mums. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The chrysanthemum is the November birthday flower and the thirteenth wedding anniversary flower. Daffodil Genus: Narcissus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring Colors: Yellow About This Flower: The perennial daffodil, which blooms in late winter and early spring, is a variety of the genus narcissus. It’s a popular bouquet flower. Be warned that the daffodil is poisonous to pets! Symbolism: In Victorian England, the daffodil represented chivalry. A cheerful early bloomer, the daffodil now symbolizes new beginnings and new life. As such, it’s become a flower emblematic of both Easter and the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary. (The Annunciation is when Mary was informed by the angel Gabriel that she would bear Jesus, for those who aren’t as familiar with the Christian canon). In Wales, daffodils were traditionally placed on the graves of loved ones on Palm Sunday. Appropriate Occasions: The daffodil is appropriate to celebrate a new baby, a new job, or anything else new in life! Birthdays and Anniversaries: The daffodil is the birth flower for March and the tenth wedding anniversary flower. Dahlia Genus: Dahlia Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Summer, fall Colors: Various About This Flower: The bright dahlia is native to Mexico. Dahlias come in a huge variety of shapes and colors. Painter Frida Kahlo frequently wore the blooms in her hair. Symbolism: The dahlia is the national flower of Mexico. Because it is hard to cultivate successfully in Europe’s harsher climes, the Victorians believed it symbolized instability. However, it now carries a message of dignity and regality. Appropriate Occasions: The dahlia is a versatile flower appropriate for many occasions, including to express gratitude, best wishes, or admiration. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Daisy Genus: Bellis Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer, fall Colors: White About This Flower: The classic, cheerful daisy is a well-loved flower. The name â€Å"Daisy† is thought to come from the Old English version of â€Å"day’s eye,† because the flowers open with the sunrise and close at night. Symbolism: The daisy symbolizes innocence, gentleness, and purity. The flower was associated with Aphrodite (and her Roman counterpart, Venus) in ancient times. However, the flower now most strongly signals a youthful, inexperienced innocence and purity. Appropriate Occasions: The daisy is an appropriate floral gift for girls and young women. It can be a charming flower to adorn flower girls at weddings. Birthdays and Anniversaries: They daisy is associated with April birthdays and fifth wedding anniversaries. Flower Meanings F-K Read on for flowers and meanings from F-K! Forget-Me-Not Genus: Mysotis Cost Range (Per Stem): Not commonly sold; consult with florist Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer Colors: Blue About This Flower: The little forget-me-not is a spring-blooming wildflower that naturally grows along riverbanks and streams. The forget-me-not is more likely to be grown in a garden or found in the wild than it is to appear in a typical store-bought bouquet. Symbolism: As you might imagine from its name, the â€Å"forget-me-not† symbolizes remembrance, particularly remembering a loved one when they are apart from you. There are several legends about how the forget-me-not got its name. One posits that a knight leaving on campaign crouched by the riverbank and picked some for his lady love, admonishing her not to forget him. A Christian legend supposes that when the Lord named all of the flowers, he reached the end of the plants. Then a little, overlooked flower said, â€Å"What about me?† And so the lord named it the â€Å"forget-me-not.† A German folktale holds that the flower got its name when a man bent down to pick the flowers from the riverbanks for his fiancee. He lost his footing and fell in. As the river carried him away, he threw the flowers to his love with a cry of â€Å"forget me not!† (The Germans can be a little morbid with their folktales.) Appropriate Occasions: Because of their message of faithful love, forget-me-nots are a perfect flower for spring weddings and romantic bouquets. Furthermore, because they symbolize remembrance, they are appropriate for funerals and for honoring the dead more generally. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Freesia Genus: Freesia Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Various About This Flower: The beautiful, spring-blooming freesia is considered one of the most fragrant flowers out there. It’s known for its pleasant, citrusy smell. The freesia is a fairly popular bouquet flower that comes in a variety of colors. Symbolism: The freesia primarily signifies innocence, trust, and friendship. It can also signify a love that is careful and slow, as opposed to one that is rushed and passionate. Appropriate Occasions: While its meaning may not seem as explicitly romantic as some other flowers, it’s nonetheless a popular wedding flower. In addition to weddings, the freesia is a particularly appropriate gift to honor a close friendship. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The freesia is the traditional seventh wedding anniversary flower. Gardenia Genus: Gardenia Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: White and yellow About This Flower: The pale gardenia, part of the coffee family, blooms on small evergreen trees and shrubs in warm climates. Because they come from a shrub, gardenias are not particularly common in store-bought bouquets. On a cut branch, gardenias can last multiple weeks. Otherwise, the cut blooms last only a few days. Symbolism: In the Chinese tradition, these beautiful flowers are a paean to feminine elegance and creativity. Similarly, in the Western canon, the gardenia signifies refinement and loveliness. They can indicate a secret love. In the American South, where gardenias are common, they have a particular connection to Southern hospitality. Appropriate Occasions: Gardenias can be a beautiful and unusual wedding flower, although the cut flower will need to be affixed to artificial stems by a florist so that they can be included in a bouquet. Otherwise, you may not have much occasion to gift gardenia blooms unless you give a plant wholesale- only a good idea if you know the recipient likes to garden! Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Gerbera Daisy Genus: Gerbera Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Every color but blue and green About This Flower: The gerbera daisy (also known as the African or Transvaal daisy) is a bright and cheerful flower that blooms in a huge variety of bright colors. Because they are hardy and last well over a week when cut, they are a common bouquet flower at all times of the year. They are readily available for purchase and fairly affordable. Symbolism: The gerbera daisy symbolizes cheerfulness, joy, and innocence. Appropriate Occasions: The gerbera daisy is a great flower for anyone who needs a pick-me-up. Additionally, gerberas are appropriate to celebrate an accomplishment like a new job, graduation, or housewarming. Birthdays and Anniversaries: As the Gerbera is a daisy type, it’s appropriate for April birthdays. Gladiolus Genus: Gladiolus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, summer peak Colors: Various About This Flower: Native to South Africa, the summer-blooming gladiolus is another popular cutting and bouquet flower. Be aware that the gladiolus is poisonous to pets. Symbolism: Some think that the flower, also known as the â€Å"sword lily,† may be the â€Å"lily of the field† to which Jesus referred in Matthew 6:28. With its bladelike sheaf of blooms, the gladiolus indicated to the Victorians that the receiver had pierced the sender’s heart. Now the flower symbolizes grace, fidelity, honor, and a strong character. Appropriate Occasions: Gladiolus is an excellent flower to express admiration- romantic or otherwise. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The gladiolus is an August birthday flower and the 40th wedding anniversary flower. Hyacinth Genus: Hyacinthus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring Colors: Purple, blue, white About This Flower: The beautiful hyacinth blooms in the late winter and spring. The bulbs are highly poisonous to pets, so if you have a dog who likes to dig, you may not want to plant this in your garden! Symbolism: Hyacinth symbolizes young love. In 19th-century France, the flower communicated a kind of desperate, all-consuming love; the English connotation was more flirtatious and playful. The hyacinth gets its name from a Greek myth. Hyacinth was the young lover of Apollo, but Zephyr also admired Hyacinth. In his jealousy, he caused Apollo’s discus to strike Hyacinth, killing him. Grief-stricken, Apollo transformed Hyacinth’s spilled blood into the hyacinth flower. As such, the hyacinth was dedicated to Apollo. In Victorian parlance, the different hyacinth colors had different connotations. Blue signified constancy, purple asked for forgiveness, and white symbolized beauty. Appropriate Occasions: As a symbol of young love, hyacinths are particularly well-suited for a romantic spring bouquet or spring wedding. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Hydrangea Genus: Hydrangea Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Summer, fall Colors: Blue, purple, pink, green, white About This Flower: Hydrangeas have a long blooming season, beginning in early spring and stretching out to late autumn. They bloom on shrubs or climbing vines. Interestingly, the color of hydrangea blooms is based on soil pH. If you wish to give someone hydrangea flowers, you can get them in a cut bouquet or give hydrangea as a houseplant. Note that this plant is poisonous to pets. Symbolism: To the Victorians, the profusely blooming hydrangea signified boastfulness, because its magnificent blooms don’t lead to fruit. Today, the hydrangea has a somewhat contradictory meaning. Some hold that it symbolizes emotional coldness, while others purport that it signifies gratitude. But the ambiguity (and general lack of romantic symbolism) hasn’t stopped the hydrangea from being included in many weddings! Appropriate Occasions: In general, most people who receive flowers associate them with positive meanings. So you can safely gift hydrangea as a thank-you flower without worrying that you’ll be giving an insult! Birthdays and Anniversaries: Hydrangea is the fourth wedding anniversary flower. Iris Genus: Iris Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round; spring peak Colors: Various About This Flower: The vibrant, multicolored iris is very popular in both gardens and bouquets. Depending on the specific species, garden irises bloom from the spring to the late fall. Some varieties bloom multiple times in a season. With its many varieties and long blooming season, the iris is readily available and affordable as a bouquet flower. Like several other flowers flagged in this list, the iris is poisonous to pets. Symbolism: This flower is named after the Greek messenger goddess, whose emblem was the rainbow. Because of its association with this goddess, the iris flower symbolizes a message, particularly one of hope or of mourning. It’s also associated with eloquence, faith, courage, and wisdom. In medieval iconography, the iris was associated with the Annunciation. (The iris represented the message from the angel Gabriel that Mary was to be the mother of Jesus). A stylized version of the iris became the fleur-de-lis, the emblem of French royalty. Appropriate Occasions: The iris is a good choice to someone who has just completed an important speaking engagement. You can also send the iris as a message of courage in difficult times. Furthermore, with its message of hope and faith, the iris is a common funeral and mourning flower. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The iris is the birth flower of February and the 25th wedding anniversary flower. Flower Meanings L-Q Flowers L-Q covered in the following section! Lilac Genus: Syringa Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer Colors: Purple, Pink, Blue, White, Yellow About This Flower: Blooming at the end of spring and early summer, the lilac shrub is a prized for its fragrant, delicate flowers. People once believed its strong smell could ward off the Black Death! While lilacs are not very common bouquet flowers, perhaps due to their short season, they are found in many cutting gardens. (A cutting garden is a household garden that is maintained for the purpose of being able to cut home-grown bouquets.) Symbolism: To the Victorians, this flower represented the first emotions of love. This symbolism still holds today, as the lilac represents the early blush of love and the beginning of summer. Some say that the lilac also represents the bittersweet sadness of new lovers when they are forced to part for even a moment. Appropriate Occasions: If you are lucky enough to have access to lilacs for cutting, a bouquet of fresh-cut lilac is a stunning gift for a new paramour- or anyone else who loves the sweet and soothing smell of lilac. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The lilac is the eighth wedding anniversary flower. Lily Genus: Lilium Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Various About This Flower: Few flowers are more popular or have more cultural significance than the lily. The lilium genus has incredible variation in color and notably sizable blooms. But the lily is extremely poisonous to cats and can be deadly! Symbolism: The lily has been a sacred flower since ancient times. Hence, lily flower meaning is a dense topic. In the ancient near east it was associated with Ishtar, the goddess of love and fertility. In Greece the lily was a symbol of Hera; in Rome, a symbol of Venus. In Semitic legend, the lily sprang from the tears of Eve when she was cast out of the Garden of Eden. As Christianity overtook older traditions, the lily came to be associated with the Virgin Mary. This held particularly true of the white lily, also called the Madonna lily. The white lily has also come to symbolize Easter and the resurrection of Christ within the Christian tradition. In the Victorian era, it was the highest flattery to compare a woman to the Virgin Mary. As such, comparing a woman to a lily, Mary’s emblem, was to pay her high honor indeed. The white lily symbolized purity, chastity, innocence, and modesty. While the connotations of purity still persist somewhat, lilies have also come to signify perfection, majesty, and excellence. Appropriate Occasions: It is a high compliment to gift someone lilies; many consider lilies to be an incredibly romantic flower. Lilies are frequently used in weddings. However, because of its connection with the resurrection of Christ, the lily is also often used in funerals and sent in sympathy bouquets in Western countries. Overall, lilies are a versatile flower; when sending flowers is appropriate, it’s hard to go wrong with a lily bouquet. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The lily is the birth flower for May and the 30th wedding anniversary flower. The calla lily (not a true lily, though many think it is) is the sixth wedding anniversary flower. Lily of the Valley Species: Convallaria majalis Cost Range (Per Stem): $$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, spring peak Colors: White About This Flower: The perennial lily of the valley is the true lily’s humbler wildflower cousin. It blooms in late spring, and smells sweet but is highly poisonous- so don’t eat it! It’s not a true lily, the lily of the valley is still poisonous to pets. It’s not a particularly common cutting flower in your average bouquet. Symbolism: This flower is the emblem of the Norse goddess of the dawn, Ostara. In Christian lore, the lily of the valley sprang from the tears of Mary as she wept at the cross. This flower is also a symbol of May Day in France. The lily of the valley represents purity, sweetness, and a renewal of happiness. Appropriate Occasions: Lily of the valley is a popular choice for bridal bouquets and decorations for spring weddings. Furthermore, it’s a good choice to celebrate a birth, a baptism, or any other joyful event or rite of passage. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The lily of the valley the second wedding anniversary flower. Marigold Genus: Calendula Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, summer and fall peak Colors: Yellow, orange About This Flower: Brightly colored marigolds bloom all summer, lasting until the ground frosts over. The marigold is poisonous to cats. Symbolism: While they may look cheerful, marigolds actually represent grief and sadness in the language of flowers. Appropriate Occasions: Marigold is best suited to funeral and condolence bouquets. You can temper the message of sadness with other blooms, perhaps baby’s breath (everlasting love) or or rosemary (remembrance). Birthdays and Anniversaries: The warm-toned marigold is one of the October birthday flowers. Narcissus Genus: Narcissus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring Colors: White, white and yellow, yellow, orange, and pink About This Flower: Narcissus flowers bloom early, in late winter and early spring. The most famous variety of the narcissus genus is the cheerful daffodil, but the flower also comes in other colors. Symbolism: Narcissus actually has a fairly negative connotation in the language of flowers. They symbolize narcissism and egotism. Greek legend holds that the narcissus flower was created when a young man named Narcissus was so besotted with the sight of his own reflection in a pond that knelt down there for days until he eventually turned into the beautiful flower that bears his name. An exception to this negative connotation is the cherry yellow daffodil, which is a type of narcissus with its own positive meaning. Appropriate Occasions: It’s true that most people don't associate a bouquet of flowers with an insult, no matter how subtle. Narcissus flowers really aren’t the best choice for a symbolic, meaningful bouquet, unless you’re sending daffodils or a December birthday bouquet. Birthdays and Anniversaries: Narcissus is a December birthday flower. Orange Blossom Species: Citrus Sinensis Cost Range (Per Stem): Not a typical bouquet flower; discuss with a florist Seasonal Availability: Spring Colors: White About This Flower: When the orange tree blooms- usually in April- it bears beautiful, fragrant white flowers. Orange blossom fragrance is a key element of many perfumes, and orange blossom water is an element in French and Middle Eastern cooking. Orange blossom honey has a citrus flavor and is one of the best-loved honey varieties. Symbolism: The orange blossom is closely associated with weddings in many cultures. The flowers are often used in bridal headpieces and bouquets. It’s said that the crusaders brought the practice back to Europe from the Middle East, where the Saracen brides wore the blossoms as a symbol of fecundity. In Victorian England they came to signify a bride’s purity. In Japan, orange blossoms symbolize chastity and eternal love. The blossoms have remained symbolic of a fruitful marriage, loveliness, and innocence. Appropriate Occasions: For wedding flowers that are steeped in tradition, orange blossoms are a lovely option. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Orchid Family: Orchidaceae Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Various About This Flower: The tropical orchid family is among the most prized and exquisite of flowers. There are over 28,000 orchid species, displaying an astonishing variety of color, shape, size, and scent. Vanilla comes from the vanilla orchid. Many orchid varieties are used to scent perfume. The cultivation and collection of orchids in greenhouses became such a popular pastime in Victorian-era England that the term â€Å"orchidelirium† was termed for the frenzy. Orchid are expensive and delicate flower. Symbolism: The orchid symbolizes the exotic, the ecstatic, and the luxurious. Its flower meaning also relates to mature elegance, beauty, and refinement. Appropriate Occasions: If money’s no object, orchids can be a beautiful wedding flower. For gifts, it is more common to give an orchid as a potted houseplant than as part of a bouquet. It’s a very romantic flower that sends the message that the receiver is highly prized. However, only give a potted plant as a gift if you know the recipient will actually enjoy taking care of the orchid! Birthdays and Anniversaries: The fourteenth wedding anniversary is typically associated with the orchid. Pansy Species: Viola Tricolor Cost Range (Per Stem): Typically a garden flower; discuss with florist Seasonal Availability: Spring, fall Colors: Various color combinations About This Flower: The spring-blooming pansy is a type of multicolored violet, created by hybridizing several subspecies. Pansies are popular garden flowers but less common in arranged bouquets. Symbolism: It’s said that the pansy is named for the French word for thought (â€Å"pensà ©e†). The flower was thought to have telepathic magic such that if you picked one, you could hear your lover’s thoughts at that moment. To the Victorians, who loved the pansy, the flower symbolized a â€Å"woman’s heart† and its supposedly inherent qualities of sweetness and compassion. It was a popular gift between lovers and friends alike. Now, the pansy symbolizes thoughtful remembrance and asks the recipient to think of the giver. Appropriate Occasions: Though they aren’t common bouquet flowers, a potted pansy may be an appropriate gift for a friend or loved one- particularly before parting. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Poppy Subfamily: Papaveroideae Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer About This Flower: The brightly colored poppy blooms in the late spring. The sap of the plant has a sedative effect and is used to make morphine, codeine, and opium. It can sedate pets. The poppy is not a typical bouquet flower and as such you may not have an easy time finding it at the florist. However, it is grown in cutting gardens and may be available from specialty or wholesale florists on request. Symbolism: Because of its sedative properties, the poppy has signified rest, sleep, dreams, and death since the time of the ancient Greeks and Egyptians. The poem â€Å"In Flanders Fields,† written in 1915 by John McCrae about WWI, also popularized the poppy as a symbol to honor the wartime fallen. In Britain, poppies are worn on Remembrance Day, when veterans are honored. By contrast, in Chinese and Japanese traditions, the poppy means love, beauty, and success. Appropriate Occasions: Due to its association with death and rest, the poppy is an appropriate funeral flower. Because of its connection to imagination and dreams, it would also be an appropriate floral gift for someone engaged in creative endeavors. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Flower Meanings R-Z Flowers and meanings from R to the end of the alphabet follow. Rosemary Species: Rosmarinus officinalis Cost Range (Per Stem): Not typically sold for bouquets; consult with a florist. Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer Colors: Blue, purple, white, pink About This Flower: Native to the Mediterranean, rosemary isn’t just a delicious evergreen herb. It also has delicate flowers that emerge in spring and summer in temperate climates. Rosemary is a popular element in many soaps and perfumed products. Symbolism: Rosemary’s primary symbolic association is with remembrance. Rosemary is thought to be a natural remedy against memory loss and forgetfulness. In Hamlet Ophelia says, â€Å"there’s rosemary, for remembrance.† Rosemary symbolizes faithful love and devotion. In the medieval era it was associated with weddings and both the bride and groom often incorporated rosemary into their wedding ensembles. In the Victorian Era, it was common for mourners to toss rosemary into the grave to signify their enduring memory of the deceased. Appropriate Occasions: Rosemary is a thoughtful element to include in funeral flowers or a condolence bouquet. Additionally, rosemary serves as a symbol of devotion and fidelity in wedding bouquets- perhaps a sprig in the groom’s boutonniere as well. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Roses Genus: Rosa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round Colors: Almost all except blue About This Flower: Roses are one of the most popular- if not the most popular- flowers for garden cultivation and professional floristry. With its lush spray of petals, sweet scent, and sharp thorns, the rose has inspired more myth, legend, poetry, and art than perhaps any other flower. There are species native to Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America. They come in a rainbow of colors. There are climbing roses and shrub roses of all shapes and sizes. With so much variety betweens species, the blooming season can span from spring through fall. Roses are also used for perfumes and in teas and potpourris. Rose water is even sometimes deployed in cooking and baking. Symbolism: Roses are associated with love and romance in general and Valentine’s day in particular. In ancient Greece, the rose (especially the red rose) was associated with Aphrodite, goddess of love. In Rome it was associated with her counterpart, Venus. In the Christian era the rose came to be associated with the Virgin Mary- the white rose in particular. The rose has also been associated with secrecy and silence. In both the Roman and medieval eras, roses were sometimes rendered or literally hung from ceilings in council chambers and rooms where private proceedings took place. The phrase â€Å"sub rosa†- Latin for â€Å"under the rose†- signaled that what was discussed under the rose should remain secret. Roses were sometimes depicted on church confessionals to similarly signal that all would remain confidential. Roses have been used for crests, emblems, and decoration for millennia. Notable examples include the white rose of York, the red rose of Lancaster, and the red-and-white Tudor Rose. To the Victorians, the rose signified love, and the deeper the love, the deeper the color. White roses, then, would be appropriate for a very young woman. Red roses meant passionate love. Today, the rose is still primarily associated with love and beauty. Red roses in particular carry the signal of passion, desire, and romantic love. Appropriate Occasions: Roses are frequently deployed as wedding flowers, on prom corsages and boutonnieres, and generally for almost any occasion where flowers are appropriate. If you wish to send a truly unmistakable message of romantic love, red roses are an excellent choice. Red roses are also sometimes given to congratulate for a major accomplishment, particularly an artistic performance. Other rose colors carry their own meanings. White roses connote purity and are often used for funerals and weddings. Yellow roses send a message of platonic friendship- so don’t send those as a romantic gift! Pink roses signal affection and gratitude- the perfect thank-you. For more on rose color meanings, see our complete article. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The rose is one of the birth flowers for June, and the fifteenth wedding anniversary flower. Snapdragon Genus: Antirrhinum Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer, fall Colors: Various About This Flower: The snapdragon is so named because the blooms are fancifully said to resemble a snapping dragon when the bloom is squeezed. These annual plants thrive in cooler temperatures and typically bloom in spring. Snapdragons are a common element in bouquets and are easily found even in the floral departments of supermarkets. Symbolism: In the Victorian era, these flowers were an invitation to impetuousness. Now, they carry a dual meaning. On one hand, they signify graciousness and strength because they thrive in rocky areas. On the other, they may also present the receiver with an accusation of deception. Appropriate Occasions: Most people take a floral gift as a compliment, so for the purposes of assembling a bouquet, you can focus on the positive message. With its message of graciousness and strength, the snapdragon is a versatile flower symbol. It’s appropriate to express admiration or gratitude. It would be a good choice to someone who is recovering from a long illness or other difficulty. Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Sunflower Genus: Helianthus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Summer, fall Colors: Warm colors (yellows, reds, oranges) and sometimes white About This Flower: Most species of the summer-blooming sunflower are native to North America. As they are fairly hardy, sunflowers are a well-liked garden flower. They are readily available from commercial florists. Sunflowers are also cultivated commercially for their seeds and oil. Symbolism: Unsurprisingly, the sunflower is a symbol of the sun and its attributes: heat, power, and sustenance. To the Incans, the sunflower was a sacred symbol of their sun god. In China, the sunflower connotes longevity. Appropriate Occasions: Sunflowers are a good choice for any time you want to communicate warmth and cheer. They are particularly appropriate to mark a happy occasion! Birthdays and Anniversaries: The sunflower is also the third wedding anniversary flower. Sweet Pea Species: Lathyrus odoratus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring Colors: Various About This Flower: The sweet pea is native to the Mediterranean, although it is now grown in many places. This climbing flower emits a sweet honeyed scent when it blooms. The natural blooming time is early spring, but could be almost any season depending on your climate. With its profusion of blooms, it’s a well-loved choice for cutting gardens, although it’s somewhat harder to find at the florists’. The sweet pea is mildly poisonous to pets. Symbolism: The sweet pea was a hugely popular flower during the Victorian era, when it symbolized lasting pleasure and easy luxury. It still symbolizes pleasure and bliss. Appropriate Occasions: The sweet pea makes a beautiful choice for a wedding bouquet or any romantic occasion. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The sweet pea is an April birth flower. Tulip Genus: Tulipa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring Colors: Various About This Flower: Originally native to the mountains and steppes of central Asia, the perennial tulip has become one of the most popular flowers worldwide for both gardens and commercial bouquets. They’ve become an almost universal symbol of spring. They come in nearly every color of the rainbow except true blue- including in a purple so dark it’s nearly black! Tulip bulbs are poisonous to pets. Symbolism: The tulip is a romantic flower, whose strongest symbolic associations are with love and creativity. Tulip flower meaning is also strongly influenced by flower color. In Persia, a red tulip in particular is a love declaration. The red of the petals represents the suitor on fire with love, and the black center is the suitor’s heart burned to coal by the strength and heat of their love. Other tulip colors have other connotations. Yellow tulips send a message of cheerfulness and joy. White tulips communicate either an apology or forgiveness. Pink tulips signal good wishes and affection- a less overtly romantic message than the red tulip. Purple tulips signify royalty. Appropriate Occasions: Different colors of tulip are appropriate for different occasions. Red tulips are ideal for a romantic springtime bouquet. Pink tulips make excellent bridesmaid bouquets or a congratulations gifts. Yellow tulips send a â€Å"congratulations† or â€Å"get well soon† message, while white tulips ask for or grant forgiveness. Purple tulips are for a truly unique and special person. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The tulip is the th wedding anniversary flower. Violet Genus: Viola Cost Range (Per Stem): Not typically sold as cut flowers; consult with florist. Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring Colors: Various About This Flower: The violet flowers in late winter and early spring. In spite of the name, not all violets are purple. There are also yellow, blue, white, and ivory varieties- some even multicolored! While they are not common in commercial bouquets, they are very popular garden flowers. The violet has long been valued for its edible and medicinal properties. The blooms and greens are edible. The Greeks and Romans brewed violet wine. Chefs sometimes us syrup made from violet blossoms to flavor desserts. Violet blossoms, often in tea form, are a natural laxative remedy. The flower is also used to scent some perfumes. Symbolism: The violet has symbolic significance as well. Per the Greeks, Persephone may have been picking violets when she was abducted by Hades and taken into the underworld. The violets became a symbol of Bonapartists in post-Napoleonic France. The violet flower meaning also relates to modesty and faithfulness. With its heart-shaped flowers, it's unsurprising that the violet also communicates a message of returned love. Appropriate Occasions: If you have some in your cutting garden, violets can make a beautiful gift to a loved one to communicate your love and fidelity. You could also try your hand at using violets in your cooking! Birthdays and Anniversaries: N/A Water Lily Family: Nymphaeaceae Cost Range (Per Stem): Not typically sold as cut flowers; consult with florist Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer, fall About This Flower: The aquatic water lily can flower from May to September, covering ponds and pools for the whole summer. They improve water quality. Unfortunately, the flowers don’t last very long out of the water- perhaps 12 hours. Symbolism: Also known as the lotus, the water lily had sacred significance in ancient Egypt, where it symbolized death and rebirth. In Buddhist tradition the lotus is a symbol of enlightenment and spiritual transcendence. In Hinduism, the lotus is a very significant symbol with many meanings. It signifies the heart, beauty, fertility, spiritual purity and growth, and prosperity. It’s also associated with many divinities. The god Brahma emerged from a lotus. The goddess Lakshmi is often depicted seated on a lotus. The water lily is the national flower of Bangladesh and also of Sri Lanka. Appropriate Occasions: Some brides do use water lilies in their bridal bouquets, though this is not particularly common. Overall it’s unlikely that you’ll be giving anyone water lilies in a bouquet. But if you’re landscaping your yard and you want to bring a symbol of beauty, rebirth, and spiritual peace to your pond, consider introducing water lilies. Birthdays and Anniversaries: The water lily is a birth flower for July. Flower Meanings Index Below find several charts with handy reference information to help you find the right flower quickly. We have charts for birth month flowers, anniversary flowers, flower seasonality, and flower cost. Birth Month Flowers Month Flower January Carnation February Iris March Daffodil April Daisy, Gerbera Daisy, Sweet Pea May Lily June Roses July Water Lily August Gladiolus September Aster October Marigold November Chrysanthemum December Narcissus Anniversary Flowers Anniversary Flower 1st Carnation 2nd Lily of the valley 3rd Sunflower 4th Hydrangea 5th Daisy 6th Calla Lily 7th Freesia 8th Lilac 9th Bird of Paradise 10th Daffodil th Tulip 12th Peony 13th Chrysanthemum 14th Orchid 15th Roses 20th Aster 25th Iris 30th Lily 40th Gladiolus 50th Yellow Roses Violets Flowers By Season Flowers will be listed by those that are available all year, and then by season. Available Year-Round Alstroemeria Aster (fall peak) Carnations (late summer/fall peak) Chrysanthemum Freesia Gardenia Gerbera daisy Gladiolus (summer peak) Iris (spring peak) Lily Lily of the Valley (spring peak) Marigold (summer/fall peak) Orchid Roses Winter Bird of Paradise (tropical climates) Daffodil Hyacinth Narcissus Sweet pea Tulip Violet Spring Bird of Paradise (tropical climates) Cherry Blossoms Daffodil Daisy Forget-me-not Hyacinth Lilac Narcissus Orange Blossoms Pansy Poppy Rosemary Snapdragon Sweet Pea Tulip Violet Water lily Summer Baby's breath Dahlia Daisy Forget-me-not Hydrangea Lilac Poppy Rosemary Snapdragon Sunflower Water lily Fall Baby's breath Dahlia Daisy Hydrangea Pansy Snapdragon Sunflower Water lily Flowers By Cost Remember, $ means 3 dollars per stem, $$ means 8 dollars per stem, and $$$ means 8+ dollars per stem! Lowest Cost: $ Alstromeria Aster Baby's breath Carnations Chrysanthemum Daffodil Daisy Freesia Gerbera daisy Gladiolus Hyacinth Iris Lilac Marigold Narcissus Poppy Sunflower Sweet pea Low Cost: $-$$ Dahlia Roses Snapdragon Tulip Medium Cost: $$ Bird of Paradise Lily of the Valley High Cost: $$-$$$ Gardenia Hydrangea Lily Orchid Roses

Absolute and Relative Error Calculation

Absolute and Relative Error Calculation Absolute error and relative error are two types of experimental error. Youll need to calculate both types of error in science, so its good to understand the difference between them and how to calculate them. Absolute Error Absolute error is a measure of how far off a measurement is from a true value or an indication of the uncertainty in a measurement. For example, if you measure the width of a book using a ruler with millimeter marks, the best you can do is measure the width of the book to the nearest millimeter. You measure the book and find it to be 75 mm. You report the absolute error in the measurement as 75 mm /- 1 mm. The absolute error is 1 mm. Note that absolute error is reported in the same units as the measurement. Alternatively, you may have a known or calculated value and you want to use absolute error to express how close your measurement is to the ideal value. Here absolute error is expressed as the difference between the expected and actual values. Absolute Error Actual Value - Measured Value For example, if you know a procedure is supposed to yield 1.0 liters of solution and you obtain 0.9 liters of solution, your absolute error is 1.0 - 0.9 0.1 liters. Relative Error You first need to determine absolute error to calculate relative error.  Relative error expresses how large the absolute error is compared with the total size of the object you are measuring. Relative error is expressed as a fraction or is multiplied by 100 and expressed as  a percent. Relative Error Absolute Error / Known Value For example, a drivers speedometer says his car is going 60 miles per hour (mph) when its actually going 62 mph. The absolute error of his speedometer is 62 mph - 60 mph 2 mph. The relative error of the measurement is 2 mph / 60 mph 0.033 or 3.3%

Public lnternational Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public lnternational Law - Essay Example This paper will revolve around the international law. As defined in the article, international law refers to a body of legal rules, regulations, and acceptable practices by countries, international organizations, and people worldwide. It involves norms by which people interact with one another and with other citizens of different countries. Traditionally, the international law dealt with the conduct of states and international organizations (Kelsen, 2003:122). However, in the recent decades, individuals, transnational corporations, and non-governmental organizations are becoming increasingly active in global affairs, and their operations are too relevant to international law. The international law has two basic types, public and private international laws. As stated, public international law deals with relationships among nations or between a nation and an organization or people from different nations. One the other end, the private international law deals with disputes and conflicts between citizens from diverse countries or businesses form different nations (Aust, 2010:1-4). Presence of certain courts and bodies such as the United Nations Security Council facilitate the implementation of the activities of international law since they have the power to decide cases concerning the international law. Is international law good or bad? According to Slomanson, international law is good and essential to nations and individuals. This is because; international law provides bases of peace, harmony, and corporation. Therefore, individuals and nations are able to maintain relations in both local and international levels. The same way men and women could not co-exist peacefully in a society without laws to regulate their conduct the same way nations could not. In addition, international law is necessary since avails conventions used for regulating state conduct. It also impinges on state sovereignty by creating new structures vital for regulating cross border relations. I nternational law forms limitations regarding the sovereignty of member states by establishing principles that control the global relations, which compete with the core realistic principles of sovereignty and anarchy (Slomanson, 2010:195). Since it is an agreement and tradition signed by the subscribed member states, its authority and control are strong. Relationship between international law and municipal law Municipal law and international law co-relate in the manner that, each has mandate over a particular area of jurisdiction. The national law regulates behaviors of individuals in a state while international law deals with behaviors of states and the external relations of the states’ foreign affairs. According to Black public international law, there is a divergence of opinion on the question as to whether international law and municipal law on the various national laws can be said to form a unity being a manifestation of a single conception of law or whether the IL consti tutes an independent system of law essentially different from the municipal law. However, there is a difference with regard to the substance of the law between sovereign states in as much as municipal law governs individuals while international law controls the relationship among states whereby states arrive at it through signed agreement between them. Therefore, as regards competence,

Boots Plc and Sainsbury Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Boots Plc and Sainsbury Plc - Essay Example At the end of the report, the financial and non-financial factors that are critical to the future performance of both the companies are presented. Both the companies, Boots and Sainsbury are well-known names in retail industry. United Kingdom is the centre of the companies’ major business operations and although both the companies run their business outside the country also, but most of the companies’ sales are from the UK segment. The Boots Plc Group’s major activities include retailing of chemists’ merchandise, the provision of opticians’ and other healthcare services, the development, manufacture and marketing of healthcare and consumer products. The group’s major business segments include Boots The Chemists, Boots Opticians, Boots Healthcare International and Boots Retail International (Boots Plc Annual Reports, accessed 23/11/2005) Boots the Chemist operates over 1,400 stores, where in nearly every store there is a pharmacist to offer guidance and help on healthcare matters. J Sainsbury Plc is a leading UK food retailer with interests in financial services. It consists of Sainsbury's Supermarkets, Sainsbury's Local, Bells Stores, Jacksons Stores and JB Beaumont, Sainsbury's to You and Sainsbury's Bank. It employs 153,000 people A large Sainsbury's Supermarket offers around 30,000 products, 50% of these are Sainsbury's own brand including fresh produce. In addition to a wide rang e of quality food and grocery products, many stores offer delicatessen, meat and fish counters, pharmacies, coffee shops, restaurants and petrol stations (Company Overview, accessed 24/11/2005) The comparison and analysis of these two companies' financial performance and position has been broken down into sections so as to be useful for various users of the company's financial statements. It will be of assistance to the companies' management in assessing their performance over the recent year and making plans to overcome any future risks and failures. The companies' investors would find this comparison beneficial in order to decide on which company to choose for investment and which company offers better investment potential. The lenders would benefit from this report in terms of being aware of the companies' solvency and liquidity position. PART B: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Analysis From Management's Viewpoint A company's management is concerned with the financial results of its performance over the year that shows the management's capability and efficiency to generate sales and profit for the business effectively. The following ratios would be helpful in analysing both the companies from the management's viewpoint: Return on Capital Employed Boots Plc Sainsbury Plc 18.83% 1.64% The Return on Capital Employed ratio shows how much a company earns on the investment made in the assets. Boots Plc's return on capital employed ratio reveals a much profitable snapshot of the company's performance whereas Sainsbury Plc's financial results exhibit a much weaker position of the company in utilising its assets towards profit generation as compared to Boots Plc. Gross Profit Ratio Boots Plc Sainsbury Plc 46.13% 4.12% The Gross Profit ratio analyses the company's profit margin before accounting for various operating costs. Therefore, it represents the profit margin after accounting for cost of sales. Here, Boots Plc's financial results show that company is getting more profit on its sales after accounting